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A Brief Resume 



OF THE 



HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, 



Arranged for the Use of 



' 7 ^ TEACHERS and PUPILS. 

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



a 



A Brief Resume 



— OF THE- 



HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, 

Arranged for the Use of 

TEACHERS and PUPILS, 



By MARTIH L. SMITH. 



3 ^ ^ "" PRICE, 40 CENTS. 



RACINE: "•-•. 

Journal Printing Company. 

1S85. 



Copyright 'by Martin L. Smith. 

tm. 



IKTRODUCTIOH. 



Most teachers agree that history is best taught by- 
topics, for the proper selection and arrangement of 
which, much care, time and experience are requisite. 
This is the only apology for offering this little work 
to the consideration of my fellow-teachers. 

A special effort has been made to so classify the 
principal features in the history of our country, such 
as: Discoveries, Settlements, Slavery Question, Ac- 
quisition of Territory, States Rights, Growth, etc.; and 
to state so clearly and definitely the causes and results 
of the wars, with their principal engagements, that 
pupils may quickly secure a well defined knowledge 
of them. • 

It is the product of the author's experience of ten 
years' teaching the subject in the Sixth Ward Gram- 
mar School of Racine. It does not assume to give 
new facts, nor does it purport to be original, except in 
plan, arrangement and scope, in respect to which I 
know of no similar work. 

It is designed to aid the teacher in giving, and the 



4 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

pupil in getting, a clear and comprehensive knowledge 
of the History of the United States, by grouping 
those significant facts which ought to be held in the 
memory, leaving the pupil free to fill in the story 
from the excellent histories that are now within reach 
of all. 

It is not expected that all history will be learned 
from this brief compilation, but I believe it may be 
used with advantage as a guide, or rather, perhaps, as 
a foundation upon which to build a broad and philo- 
sophical knowledge of the subject. 

Many other facts might have been included, but it 
was thought best to limit the scope of the work to 
include only those events which may be justly held 
important in their consequences and necessary to the 
true understanding of the development of our national 
life, and it is suggested that these events be reviewed 
and dwelt upon until comprehended by the pupils and 
thoroughly familiar to them. 

Blank leaves have been added, for the convenience 
of those using the book, who may wish to add such 
points as their own experience may suggest. 

The Author. 
Racine, Wis., July, 1885. 



History is a record of events. 

An Epoch in Histoiy means a period of time 
during which somewhat similar events occur. 

THE FIRST EPOCH, 

One of discoveries extends from the discovery of 
America in 1492 to the settlement of Jamestown, 
Va., in 1607. 

THE SECOND EPOCH, 

The settlement and development of the colonies, ex- 
tends from the settlement at Jamestown, Va., in 1607, 
to the breaking out of the Revolutionary War in 1775. 

THE THIRD EPOCH, 

Extends from the breaking out of the Revolutionary 
War in 1775 to the adoption of the Constitution in 
1787. 

THE FOURTH EPOCH, 

Extends from the adoption of the Constitution in 
1787, to the breaking out of the "Civil War" in 1861. 

THE FIFTH EPOCH, 

Extends from the breaking out of the Civil War in 
1 86 1 to the surrender of Lee's army in 1865. 

THE SIXTH AND PRESENT EPOCH, 
Begins with the close of the Civil War in 1865. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



FIRST EPOCH. 



EXPLORATIONS AND DISCOVERIES. 



SPANISH. 



Born, Genoa, Italy, 1435. 
San Salvador. 
Concepcion. 
Cuba. 
Hayti. 
[ Windward Group. 
Jamaica. 
Porto Rico. 

Founded a colony in Hayti. 
Continent of America near mouth of the 
Orinoco. 
1502 Coast of Central America. 
^ Died, Valladolid, Spain, 1506. 

1 5 1 2. Ponce de Leon. Florida. 

1 5 13. Balboa. Pacific Ocean. 



14921 



1493^ 



[498 1 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 7 

1 52 1. Cortez conquered Mexico. 
1520-2, Magellan. Straits of Magellan. First cir- 
cumnavigation. 
1520. DeAllyon's first expedition to Carolina. 
1525. DeAllyon's second expedition to Carolina. 
1528. DeNarvaez attempted to conquer Florida. 

1 54 1. DeSoto. Mississippi river. 

1542. Cabrillo. Pacific coast. 
1565. Melendez. St. Augustine. 
1582. Sante Fe. Espejo. 

DUTCH. 

1609. Henry Hudson. Hudson river and bay. 

FRENCH. 

1524. Verrazani. Carolina to New Foundland. 

1535. Cartier. Gulf and river St. Lawrence. 

1562. Ribaut. Port Royal, S. C, first expedition. 

1564. Laudonniere. Fort on St. John's river, Florida. 

1605. DeMonts. Port Royal, N. S. 

1608. Champlain. Quebec. 

1609. Champlain. Lake Champlain. 
1673. Father Marquette. 

1682. LaSalle. 

1688. Population, 11,000, 



8 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

ENGLISH. 

1497. Cabots. Labrador to Albemarle Sound. 
1576. Frobisher. Strait. 

1579. Drake explored Pacific Ocean. Second 
cumnavigation. 

1583. Gilbert's first voyage to the New World. 

1584. Raleigh's expedition to North Carolina. 
1585-87. Rakigh's attempt to found a colony. 

1602. Gosnold. Cape Cod. 

1603. Pring. Maine to Martha's Vineyard. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 9 

Claims by Right of Discovery. 



SPANISH. 
Mexico; nearly all United States called Florida; 
all the Pacific coast called New Mexico. 

FRENCH. 

Acadia; Canada; all of the Mississippi Valley, called 
New France. 

ENGLISH. 

All of Atlantic coast, westward indefinitely. 

DUTCH. 
Atlantic coast from Connecticut river to Delaware, 
called New Netherlands. 

Based upon the Discoveries and Explorations of 

SPANISH. 
Columbus, Ponce de Leon, 

Balboa, DeSoto. 

FRENCH. 

Verrazani, Cartier and Champlain, 

Fathers Marquette and LaSalle. 

ENGLISH. 

Cabots. 

DUTCH. 

Henry Hudson. 



10 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



SECOND EPOCH. 



SETTLEMENTS. 



VIRGINIA. 



1607. Jamestown. English. 
John Smith. 

r First Charter, 1606. 
Governments Second Charter, 1609. 
I Third Charter, 161 2. 
16 10. Starving time. 
Lord Delaware. 
Pocahontas. 

1619. Slavery introduced. 
First Colonial Assembly. 

1620. Planters' wives. 
1622. 
1644. 
1624. Royal Province. 

^^ ' > Navigation Act. 
1660. J 

1676. Bacon's Rebellion. 

1677-84. Proprietary. 

1684. Royal Province. 

1776. Revolutionary War. 



> Indian Massacres. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 11 

NEW YORK. 

1 6 14. New York. Dutch. 
^ f Dutch West India f Manhattan Island. 
1 Company. I Albany. 

Patroons. 

Dutch. Stuyvesant conquered Swedes and 
Finns. Boundaries. 
1664. English. Sloughter. Gov. Andros. 
^ ( Dutch regained possession. 
I English regained possession. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

1620. Plymouth. English. Puritans. 
Mayflower and Speedwell. 

1 62 1 . Treaty with Massasoit. 
1638. Harvard College. 

Trouble with the Quakers. 

Trouble with the Indians. 
1643. Union of Colonies. 
1675. King Philip's War. 
1692. Salem Witchcraft. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

1623. Portsmouth. English. 

Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Capt. John Mason. 
1629. Partnership dissolved. Mason's heirs. 

Union with Massachusetts. 
1 741. Final separation. 



12 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

CONNECTICUT. 

1633. Windsor. English, 
Earl of Warwick. 

Lord Say and Seal and Lord Brooke. 
Dutch. 
1635. Saybrook Colony. 

1637. Pequod War. 

1638. New Haven Colony. 

r Hartford. 

1639. Connecticut Colonies. < Windsor. 

I Wethersfield. 
Union of Saybrook, Conn., and New Haven 
Colonies. Governor Andros. 
1687. Charter Oak. 

MARYLAND. 

1634. St. Mary's. English. 
Charter. 

1 63 1. William Clayborne. 

Lord Baltimore. George Calvert. 

Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert. 

Christianity. 
1645. Clayborne's Rebellion. 

Toleration act. 

Civil War. 
169 1. Royal Province. 
17 1 5. Proprietary to Revolution. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 13 

RHODE ISLAND. 

• 

1636. Providence. English. 

Roger Williams. 
1644. Charter Plantations united. 

" Freedom of faith and worship to all." 

DELAWARE, 

1638. Wilmington. Swedes. 

Dutch. 
1644-82. Part of Province of New York. 
1682. William Penn. 

One Governor. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

1663. Albemarle Sound. English. 
Lord Clarendon. 
Grand Model. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

1670. Ashley River. English. 

Carteret's Colony. 

Charleston. 

Grand Model. 
1729. Sold and separated. 

Royal Province to Revolution. 



14 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

NEW JERSEY. 

1622. Dutch trading post. 

1664. Elizabethtown. English. 

-n • , f Berkely. 

rropnetary. < ^ 

y Carteret. 
1682. Quakers. William Penn. 
1702. United with New York. 
1738. Separated. 

Royal Province. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1682. Philadelphia. English. 

Treaty with the Indians. 

Growth. 
1718. Death of William Penn. 

Proprietary to Revolution. 

GEORGIA. 

1733, Savannah. English. 
James Oglethorpe. 
" In Trust for the Poor." 
Trade. 

^ . f Proprietary, 

(jrovernment. \ 

I Royar Province to Revolution. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



15 



Thirteen Original Colonies. 



W/ien 


States. 


Where Settled. 


By Whom 


1607 


Virginia. 


Jamestown. 


English. 


1614 


New York. 


New York. 


Dutch. 


1620 


Massachusetts. 


Plymouth. 


English. 


1623 


New Hampshire. 


Portsmouth. 


English. 


1633 


Connecticut. 


Windsor. 


English. 


1634 


Maryland. 


St. Mary's. 


English. 


1636 


Rhode Island. 


Providence. 


English. 


1638 


Delaware. 


Wilmington. 


Swedes. 


1663 


North Carolina. 


Albemarle Sound. 


English. 


1664 


New Jersey. • 


Elizabethtown. 


English. 


1670 


South Carolina. 


Ashley River. 


English. 


1682 


Pennsylvania. 


Philadelphia. 


English. 


1733 


Georgia. 


Savannah. 


English. 



16 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



INTER-COLONIAL WARS. 



KING WILLIAM S WAR, 
1 689- 1 697. 

Cause — War between France and England. 
Attacks upon Colonists, N. Y. and N. E. 
Attacks by Colonists, Port Royal, Acadia.' 
Treaty — Ryswick, Holland. 
Result — Same Territory. 

QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. 

I702-I7I3. 

Cause — War between France and England. 
Attacks upon Colonists N. E. 

Attacks by Colonists, St. Augustine, Port Royal 
and Quebec. 

Treaty — Utrecht, Holland. 
Result — Acadia ceded to England. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 17 

KING George's war. 

1 744- 1 748. 

Cause — War between France and England. 

Louisburg-Cape Breton. 

Treaty — Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany. 

Result — England gave back Louisburg to France. 

FRENCH AND INDIAN -WAR. 

Causes. 

1. The French and English claimed the same ter- 
ritory. 

2. A national animosity existed between the 
French and English. 

3. The French and English settlers conflicted on 
the frontier. 

T Washington's Journey. 



1753 

Ohio Company existed. 



18 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Principal Actions of the French and Indian War. 



Date 


Where Fought. 


Commanders. 


Success- 




English. 


French. 


ful. 




DuQuesne, fort built. 








1754 


Great Meadows. 


Washington. 


Junonville (killed). 


English. 




Fort Necessity. 


Washington. 


Villiers. 


French. 




Nova Scotia. 


j Winslow. 
{ Monckton. 




English. 


T755 


Vicinity Lake George 


Williams. 


Dieskau. 


French. 




Battle of Lake George 


Johnson, 


Dieskau. 


English. 




DuQuesne. 


Braddock, 
(killed.) 


(mortally wounded.) 


French. 




Oswego. 


Mercer. 


Montcalm. 


French. 


1756 


Kittanning. 
War declared. 


Armstrong. 


(Indians.) 


English. 


1757 


Fort William Henry. 


Monroe. 


Montcalm. 


French. 




Louisburg. 


Amherst. 




English. 


1758 


Ticonderoga. 
DuQuesne (now Pittsburg) 


Abercrombie 
Forbes. 


Montcalm. 


French. 
English. 




Frontenac. 


Bradstreet. 




French. 




Quebec. 


"I die happy." 
Wolf. 


"I shall not live to 
see the surrender of 
Quebec." 
Montcalm. 


English. 


1759 


Ticonderoga and 
Crown Point. 


Amherst. 


Fr'ch evacuated. 


English. 




Niagara. 


Prideaux, 
(killed.) 




English. 


1760 


Sillery. 
Montreal. 


Amherst. 


DeLevi. 


Fr'ch first, 
a few days 
after, Eng. 

English. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 19 

Result — Spain ceded Florida to England. 

France gave up all territory east of the Mississippi, 
except two small islands south of Newfoundland, New 
Orleans and all the country she owned west of the 
Mississippi France ceded to Spain. English suprem- 
acy established in the New World. 



20 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



THIRD EPOCH. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 



General Cause : — The right of arbitrary government 
claimed by England and denied by the colonists. 

Remote Causes: 

1. The influence of France which was constantly 
exerted to excite a spirit of resistance in the colonies. 

2. The natural disposition and inherited character 
of the colonists; they were dissenters in religion and 
republican in politics. 

3. The growth of public opinion in the colonies 
tended to independence. 

4. The personal and arbitrary character of King 
George III. 

Direct Causes: 

1. Taxation without Representation. 

2. All the colonies had suffered from Royal Gov- 
ernments. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



21 



3- 1765 

1767 
1768 
1769 
1770 
1773 
1774 



Stamp Act. 
Tax on Tea. 
Troops sent to Boston. 
Trials in England. 
Boston Massacre. 
Boston Tea Party. 
Boston Port Bill. 



PRELIMINARY ACTS. 



First Colonial 

Congress 

met in New York 

Oct. 7, 1765. 



r Nine Colonies represented. 
; r Declaration of Rights. 

Acts ■{ Petition to the King. 

1^ Memorial to Parliament. 



First Continental f Gave support to Massachusetts. 

Congress ; Second Declaration of Rights, 

met in Philadel'a > Petition to the King. 

1^ Address to the people of England 



Sept. 5, 1774. 

Second Conti- 
nental Congress 
met in Philadel'a, 
May 10,1775. 



Last appeal to the King. 
. George Washington appointed 
[ Commander-in-Chief. 
(^ Continued during the War. 



23 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Principal Battles of the Kevolutionary War. 



!fi C M 


Battles. 
Where Fought 


COMMANDERS. 


Men 
Engaged. 




Date 

whe 
Fou 


American. 


British. 


Am. 


Brit. 

1700 
3000 
1200 


1775 
Apr. 19 

June 17 

Dec. 31 


Lexington. 
Bunker Hill. 
Quebec. 


Parker. 

Prescott. 

Montgomery 


Smith. 
Gen Howe 
Carleton. 


Unkno'n 

1500 

900 


Brit. 
Brit. 
Brit. 


1776 
June 28 

Aug. 27 

Dec. 26 


Fort Moultrie. 
Long Island. 
Trenton. 


^oultrie. 
Putnam. 
Washington 


Parker. 
Gen Howe 
Rahl. 


400 

5000 
2400 


4000 

20000 

1000 


Am. 
Brit. 
Am. 


1777 
Sept. II 

Oct. 4 

Oct. 7 


Brandywine. 
German town. 
Saratoga. 


Washington 
Washington 

Gates. 


Gen Howe 
Gen Howe 
Burgoyne. 


1 1 000 
1 1000 
8000 


18000 
15000 
4500 


Brit. 
Brit. 

Am. 


1778 
June 28 


Monmouth. 


Washington 


Clinton. 


12000 


IIOOO 


Am. 


1779 
Oct. 9 


Savannah. 


Lincoln. 


Prevost. 


4500 


2900 


Brit. 


1780 
May 12 


Charleston. 


Lincoln. 


Clinton. 


3700 


9000 


Brit. 


1781 
Mar. 15 

Oct. 19 


Guilford C. H. 
Yorktown. 


Greene. 
Washington 


Cornwallis 
Cornwallis 


4400 
16000 


2400 

7500 


Brit. 

Am. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 23 



1783. Treaty at Paris. 



Great Britain acknowledged the independence of the 
United States, and conceded the right to fish on the 
banks of Newfoundland. The boundaries were fixed 
at the Great Lakes at the north and the Mississippi 
River on the west. 

Florida given back to Spain. 



24 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



FOURTH, FIFTH AND SIXTH EPOCHS. 



PRESIDENTIAL ADMINISTRATIONS. 



M. 


Presidents. 


Most important events during each Mntn 


I 

2 


George Washington, 
John Adams, 


Gov't organized; Revenue provided for. 
Alien and Sedition Laws. 


3 
4 

5 


Thomas Jefterson, 
James Madison, 
James Monroe, 


Purchase of Louisiana. 

War of 1812 with England. 

Monroe Doctrine; Missouri Compi-omise. 


6 

7 


John Q. Adams, ■ 
Andrew Jackson, 


Prosperity; ist R. R. in U. S.; "Ameri- 
can System." 
Rotation in office; S. C. Nullification. 


8 


Martin Van Buren, 


Financial Crisis of 1837. 


9 


Wm. H. Harrison, 


OiSce Seekers. 


lO 

II 


John Tyler, 
James K. Polk, 


Annexation of Texas. 
Mexican War. 


12 


Zachary Taylor, 


Slavery Questions Discussed. 


13 


Millard Fillmore, 
Franklin Pierce, 


"Omnibus Bill." 

Kansas & Nebraska Bill; Gadsden Pur- 
chase. 


15 


James Buchanan, 


Slavery Question Discussed; John 
Brown's Raid. 


16 


Abraham Lincoln, 


The Civil War. 


17 

iS 


Andrew Johnson, 
Ulysses S. Grant, 


Reconstruction. 

Pacific R. R. and "Centennial;" Ala- 
bama Claims. 


19 


Rutherford B. Hayes, 


R. R. Strike; U. S. Troops withdrawn 
from South. 


20 


James A. Garfield, 


"Star Route Frauds" exposed. His 
Assassination. 


21 

22 


C'hester A. Arthur, 
Grover Cleveland, 


Foreign Policy. 
Civil Service. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 25 



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Federalists. 

Federalists. 

H. ofR., Republicans. 

Republicans. 

All Parties. 

House of Reps. 

Democrats. 

Democrats. 

Whigs. 

Whigs. 

Democrats. 

Whigs. 

Whigs. 

Democrats. 

Democrats. 

Republicans. 

Republicans. 

Republicans. 

Republicans. 

Republicans. 

Republicans. 

Democrats. 


i 


8 Years. 
4 Years. 
8 Years, 
8 Years. 
8 Years. 
4 Years. 
8 Years. 
4 Years. 
I Month. 

3 yrs. lomo. 26 ds 

4 Years. 

I yr. 4 mo. 5 ds. 

3 yrs. 7 mo. 23 ds 

4 Years. 
4 Years. 

4 yrs. I mo. 11 ds. 

3 yrs. 10 mo. 17 ds 
8 Years. 

4 Years. 

6 mos. 15 days. 
3 yrs. 5 mo. 15 ds 




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Geo. Washington, 
John Adams, 
Thos. Jefferson, 
James Madison, 
James Monroe, 
J. Q. Adams, 
Andrew Jackson, 
M. Van Buren, 
Wm. H. Harrison, 
John Tvler, 
James K. Polk, 
Zachary Taylor, 
Millard Fillmore, 
Franklin Pierce, 
Jas. Buchanan, 
Abraham Lincoln, 
Andrew Johnson, 
U. S. Grant, 
R. B. Hayes, 
Jas. A. Garfield, 
Chester A. Arthur, 
Grover Cleveland, 


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26 BRIEF RESUMF OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



WAR OP 1812. 



The impressment of American seamen. 

- England harassed the commerce of U. S. 

Cactuses ■> 

■ I England had emissaries among the Indians 

I to incite them against the Americans. 

More than 6,000 American citizens had been im- 
pressed into the British navy; and, 900 American 
vessels had been captured for violating England's 
arbitrary regulations. 

On May 16, 181 1, the British sloop of war, "Little 
Belt," off Virginia, fired into the American frigate, 
President, The President returned the fire, and in an 
engagement which followed, the British sloop'was dis- 
abled, II of her men killed and 21 wounded. 

On the 19th of June, 181 2, President Madison is- 
sued a proclamation of war against Great Britain. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 27 



Naval Engagements. 



During the year 1812 the Americans were success- 
ful in every naval engagement. 



Dates. 


Where Fought. 


Vessels. 


Commanders. 


1812. 
Aug.19. 

Oct. 15. 


Off Massa- 
chusetts. 

Off North 
Carolina. 


Am. Frig. Constitution. 
Br. Frig. Guerriere. 

Am. Sloop Wasp. 
Br. Brig Frolic. 


Hull. 
Dacres. 

Jones. 
Whinyates. 


1813. 
June I. 

Sept.io. 


Massachu- 
setts Bay. 

Lake Erie. 


Am. Frig. Chesapeake. 
Br. Frig. Shannon. 

Am. 9 vessels, 54 guns. 
Br. 6 vessels, 63 guns. 


"Don't give up the 

ship." 
Lawrence. 

Broke. 

"We hare met the ene- 
my and they are oura." 
Perry. 

Barclay. 


1814. 
Sept. II. 


Lake Cham- 
plain. 


Am. 14 vessels, 86 guns. 
Br. 17 vessels, 95 guns. 


McDonough. 
Downie. 



28 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Principal Land Battles of the War of 1812. 



Dates. 


Battles. 


Commanders. 


Men Engaged. 


f 


Tlvierican 


British. 


!lm. 


Brit. 


1812. 
Aug. 16. 


Detroit. 


Hull. 


Brock and 
Tecumseh. 


1200 


1300 


Brit. 


1813. 
Oct. 5. 


Thames. 


Harrison. 


Proctor. 


2500 


2000 


Brit. 


1814. 
Sept. II. 

Aug. 24. 
July 25- 


Plattsburg. 
Bladensburg. 
Lundy's Lane 


Macomb. 
Winder. 
Brown. 


Prevost. 

Ross. 

Drummond 


3000 

3500 

•3500 


14000 
5000 
5000 


Am. 
Brit. 
Am. 


1815. 
Jan. 8. 


New Orleans. 


Jackson. 


Pakenham. 


6000 


12000 


Am. 



A Treaty of Peace 

was signed at Ghent, Belgium, December 24th, 18 14. 
The two great points of dispute, the encroachments 
upon American commerce, and the impressment of 
American seamen, were not mentioned. However, 
both ceased at the close of the war. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 29 



MEXICAN WAR. 



Cause : — The annexation of Texas led to the Mexi- 
can war. 

Texas had gained its independence and maintained 
it for nine years, but Mexico still claimed the territory 
as a part of her own, and also claimed that the Neuces 
was the western limit of Texas. 

Texas claimed the Rio Grande as her western 
boundary line. 

The efforts of the United States and of Mexico to 
possess, occupy and govern the territory between the 
Neuces and the Rio Grande rivers was the occasion 
of the war. 

The Americans were successful in every battle. 



30 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Principal Battles of the War with Mexico. 



Dates. 


Battles. 


Commanders. 


Men Engaged 














dmeric-n 


Mexican. 


Am. 


Mex. 


1S46. 












May S. 


Palo Alto. 


Taylor. 


Arista. 


2300 


6000 


May 9. 


Resaca de la Pa! ma. 


Taylor. 


Arista. 


22GO 


5000 


Sept. 24. 


Monterey. 


Taylor. 


Ampudia. 


6600 


1 0000 


1847. 












Feb. 23. 


Buena Vista. 


Taylor. 


Santa Anna. 


4700 


17000 


Mar. 27. 


Vera Cruz. 


Scott. 


Morales. 


12000 


6000 


Apr. 18. 


Cerro Gordo. 


Scott. 


Santa Anna. 


8500 


12000 


Aug. 20. 


Cherubusco. 


Scott. 


Santa Anna. 


Sooo 


25000 


Sept. 13, 


Chapultepec. 


Scott. 


Bravo. 


7200 


25000 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 31 

The Treaty of Peace was signed on the 2d of Feb- 
ruary, 1848, at Guadaloupe Hidalgo, a small town near 
the city of Mexico. The boundary line between Mex- 
ico and the United States was the Rio Grande from its 
mouth to the southern limit of New Mexico, thence 
westward along its southern boundary and northward 
along its western boundary to the river Gila, thence 
down the river Gila to the Colorado, thence westward 
to the Pacific. All territory north of the boundary 
line, including New Mexico and California, was relin- 
quished to the United States. On the part of the 
United States it was agreed that ;^ 15,000,000 should 
be paid for the territory and to assume all debts due 
from Mexico to American citizens, said debts not to 
exceed ;^ 3, 5 00,000. 

Peace was proclaimed by President Polk on the 4th 
of July, 1848. 



32 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Slavery Question. 



1619. Introduced into Virginia. 

1628. Introduced into New York. 

1630. Introduced into Massachusetts. 

1 660- 1 676. Opposed by the Colonies, but fostered 

by Great Britain. 
1 74 1. Negro plot in New York. 

Slavery existed in all the Colonies until 1780. 
After 1780 the Northern States began to 
abolish slavery. 
1787. Discussed' at the formation of the United 

States Constitution, 
1808. Slave importation forbidden in United States. 
1 790-1 820. Laws passed against it in all States north 

of Mason and Dixon's line, 39° 43' 26.3". 
1820. Slave trade declared piracy. 
Missouri Compromise. 

1845. Texas - admitted with privileges of holding 

slaves. 

1846. Wilmot Proviso. 
1850. Omnibus Bill. 

1854. Kansas and Nebraska Act. 
1855-1860. Kansas troubles, 
1857. Dred Scott Decision. 

Personal Liberty Laws. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 33 

1859. John Brown's Raid. 

i860. Lincoln elected. 

1863. Emancipation Proclamation. 

1865. Constitutional Amendments. 

It is estimated that 300,000 slaves were imported 
into the thirteen original Colonies up to 1776. 



Omnibus Bill, 1850. 

1. California admitted as a free State. 

2. New Mexico and Utah to be organized as Ter- 
ritories without mention of slavery. 

3. Boundary of Texas established, and ;^ 10,000,- 
000 be paid to Texas for giving up its claim to the 
territory of New Mexico. 

4. Slave trade abolished in the District of Columbia. 
5 Fugitive Slave Law, 



34 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



States Rights. 



Considered in forming the Constitution of U. S, 
1794. Whisky Insurrection in Pennsylvania. 
1798. Virginia and Kentucky declared the "Alien 

and Sedition Laws" null and void. 
1 8 14. Hartford Convention. 
1832. South Carolina Nullification Act, 
1850. Mississippi nominated a States Rights ticket 
with Jefferson Davis for Governor. 

Personal Liberty Laws. 
1 860- 1 86 1. Secession of eleven States. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 



FIFTH EPOCH. 



THE CIVIL WAR. 



CAUSES. 

1. Slavery Question. 

2. The different construction put upon the U. S. 
Constitution by the people of the North and of the 
South. 

3. The different systems of labor in the North and 
in the South. 

4. The want of intercourse between the peeple of 
the North and of the South. 

5. Pubhcation of sectional books, 

6. The evil influence of demagogues. 



36 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Principal Battles of the "Civil War." 





Dates. 


Baiihs. 












Where Fovght. 




I86I. 


July 21. 


Bull Run. 


Va. 




April 6 and 7. 


Shiloh. 


Tenn. 




June 25 to July i. 


Seven Days' Battles, closed 
with Malvern Hill. 


Va. 


1862. 


Sept. 17. 


Antietam. 


Md. 




Dec. 13. 


Fredericksburg. 


Va. 




Dec. 31 to Jan. 2. 


Murfreesboro'. 


Tenn. 




May 2 and 3. 


Chancellorsville. 


Va. 




July I, 2 and 3. 


Gettysburg. 


Penn. 


1863. 


July 4- 


Siege of Vicksburg. 


Miss. 




Sept. 19 and 20. 


Chickamauga. 


Tenn. 




Nov. 25. 


Chattanooga. 


Tenn. 




May 5 and 6. 


Wilderness. 


Va. 


IS64. 


June 3. 


Cold Harbor. 


Va. 




Dec. 15 and 16. 


Nashville 


Tenn. 


1865. 


April I. 
April 9. 


Battle of Five Forks. 
Appomattox C. H. 


Va. 
Va. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 37 



Principal Battles of the "Civil War." 



Commanders. 


Men Engaged. 


Army 


Union. 


Confederate. 


Umon. 


Confed. 


Successful. 


McDowell. 


Beauregard. 


30000 


30000 


Confederate. 


Grant. 


Johnston. 


••55000 


40000 


Union. 


^[cClellan. 


Lee. 


90000 


60000 


Union. 


McClellan. 


Lee. 


Scooo 


40000 


Union. 


Burnside. 


Lee. 


120000 


80000 


Confederate. 


Rosecrans. 


Bragg. 


45000 


35000 


Union. 


Hooker. 


Lee. 


90000 


45000 


Confederate. 


Meade. 


Lee. 


80000 


Soooo 


Union. 


Grant. 


Pemberton. 


70000 


45000 


Union. 


Rosecrans. 


Bragg. 


55000 


50000 


Confederate. 


Grant. 


Bragg. 


80000 


50000 


Union. 


Grant. 


Lee. 


150000 


80000 


Confederate. 


Grant. 


Lee. 


(50000 


50000 


Confederate. 


Thomas. 


Hood. 






Union. 


Grant. 


Lee. 


I 00000 


35000 


Union. 


Grant. 


Lee. 


lOOOOO 


28000 


Union. 



38 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



General Review of the Civil War. 



1861. Brief Review of the First Year of the War. 

The Confederates had taken the large arsenals at 
Harper's Ferry and Norfolk. They had been success- 
ful in the greatest battles of the year, Bull Run and 
Wilson's Creek, and in several minor engagements. 

The Federals had saved several forts; had gained 
victories in several minor engagements; had kept in 
the Union Missouri, Maryland and West Virginia, and 
had thrown the whole South into a state of siege. 

1862. — Brief Review of the Second Year of the War. 

The Confederate victories were: Jackson in the 
Shenandoah, Lee in the Peninsular campaign, and 
against Pope; Bragg's raid in Kentucky and the bat- 
tles of Cedar Mountain, Chickasaw Bluff and Freder- 
icksburg. 

The Federals had taken several forts, had opened 
the Mississippi to Vicksburg, occupied New Orleans, 
Yorktown, Memphis and other Southern cities; had 
gained the battles of Antietam, Fair Oaks, Murfrees- 
boro' and other important battles and had checked the 
Merrimac's career. 



BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 39 

1 86 J. — Brief Revieiu of the Third Year of the War. 

The Confederates had gained the great battles of 
Chickamauga and Chancellorsville. 

The Federals had taken Vicksburg and gained the 
battles at Chattanooga and Gettysburg. 

i86^. — Brief Revieiu of the Fourth Year of the War. 

The Confederates had gained the battles of the Wil- 
derness, Cold Harbor, and others; had defeated the 
expeditions into Florida and the Red River country. 

The Federals had gained the battles of Winchester, 
Cedar Creek, Nashville and others ; had taken Atlanta 
and Savannah; Sherman had marched through Geor- 
gia, Sheridan the Shenandoah Valley; Thomas had 
destroyed Hood's army and Grant held Lee in Rich- 
mond, 

i86^. Brief Review of the Fifth Year of the War. 

Sherman marched through the Carolinas. Lee 
surrendered to General Grant April 9th, which closed 
the war. 

The Union debt was nearly $2,750,000,000. 



40 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Territory as Acquired by the United States. 



Territory. 


When. 


How. 


Frovi Whom. 


Thirteen Orig- 


to 

1783 


Revolutionary War. 


England. 


inal Colonies. 






N. W.Territ'y. 


I7S7 


Ceded. 


Original Col. 


S. W. Terrify. 




Ceded. 


Original Col. 


Louisiana. 


I8I9 


Purchase, $5,000,000. 


Spain. 


Florida. 


1803 


Purchase, $15,000,000. 


France. 


Texas. 


1845 


Annexed. 


Texas. 


California. 


1848 


Treaty and Pur. $18,500,000. 


Mexico. 


Gadsden. 


IS53 


Purchase, $10,000,000. 


Mexico. 


Alaska. 


1867 


Purchase, $7,200,000. 


Russia. 



Errata.— In above table the lines opposite Louisiana and 
Florida should be transposed. 

On page 32, read for "Texas admitted with privileges,''' "Texas 
admitted with privilege.^'' 



LIBRAF^YOF 



CONGRESS 



1 




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